生殖器系 — テキスト『医療通訳』の単語集を自分のものに（第14回）

テキスト『医療通訳』の『人体器官図』の11、12、13ページ目で取りあげられている生殖器系の各器官・部位について今回は単語集を「自分のもの」にしていきます。

これまでの13回を含めて、ほぼ半年に渡ってつづけてきた「自分のもの」にする作業は、「人体器官図」については今回で一通りおわりました。

あらためて、この「自分のもの」にする作業について、どのような理由で、そしてどのようなやり方で進めることにしたのかを知りたい方は、ぜひ「テキスト『医療通訳』の単語集を自分のものに」シリーズの第1回をお読みください。

オリジナルの単語集を確認

いつものように、まずはテキスト『医療通訳』の『単語集』にのっているままに日本語・英語を並べてみます。

日本語 英語
尿管 ureter
膀胱 urinary bladder
精嚢 seminal vesicle
精管 vas deferens / seminal duct
射精管 ejaculatory duct
前立腺 prostate
陰茎 penis
尿道 urethra
海綿体 cavernous body
直腸 rectum
肛門 anus
精巣上体（副睾丸） epididymis
亀頭 glans / glans penis
陰嚢 scrotum
精巣（睾丸） testis / testicle
尿管 ureter
卵管 fallopian tube
卵巣 ovary
子宮 uterus
子宮頸部 uterine cervix
膀胱 urinary bladder
膣 vagina
恥骨結合 pubic symphysis
直腸 rectum
尿道 urethra
小陰唇 labia minora / inner vaginal lips
大陰唇 labia majora / outer vaginal lips
肛門 anus
子宮口 uterine os
子宮頸管 cervical canal
皮膚 skin
皮下脂肪 subcutaneous fat
乳輪 areola
乳首（乳頭） nipple
乳管 lactiferous duct / milk duct
脂肪組織 adipose tissue / fat tissue
大胸筋 pectoralis major
肋骨 rib
乳腺 mammary gland
胸壁 chest wall
子宮底 uterine fundus
臍帯（へその緒） umbilical cord / navel string
胎児 fetus
子宮頸部 uterine cervix
直腸 rectum
肛門 anus
胎盤 placenta
羊膜 amnion
子宮壁 uterine wall
羊水 amniotic fluid
膀胱 urinary bladder
恥骨結合 pubic symphysis
膣 vagina

日本語・一般むけ・専門用語

それでは、「自分のもの」にしていきましょう。全部で6列で構成されているので横はばがありすぎて、おさまりませんので、3列ずつのせていきます。まず最初は「日本語」「一般向け英単語（いわゆるlay term）」「専門用語」です。

「人体器官図」の図には、重要度の高い部位名が太字で表記されています。こういった太字表記されている部位を優先的にまずはおぼえていくようにしましょう。

日本語 English（lay term) English (medicine)
尿管［にょうかん］ ureter
膀胱［ぼうこう］ bladder, urinary bladder
精嚢［せいのう］ seminal vesicle
精管［せいかん］ vas deferens, ductus deferens
射精管［しゃせいかん］ ejaculatory duct
前立腺［ぜんりつせん］ prostate, prostate gland
陰茎［いんけい］ penis
尿道［にょうどう］ urethra
海綿体［かいめんたい］、陰茎海綿体［いんけいかいめんたい］ cavernous body, cavernous body of the penis, corpus cavernosum penis
直腸［ちょくちょう］ rectum
肛門［こうもん］ anus
精巣上体［せいそうじょうたい］、副睾丸［ふくこうがん］ epididymis
亀頭［きとう］ glans, glans penis
陰嚢［いんのう］ scrotum
精巣［せいそう］、睾丸［こうがん］ testis, testicle
卵管［らんかん］、ラッパ管［らっぱかん］、輸卵管［ゆらんかん］ fallopian tube, Fallopian tube, oviduct, uterine tube, salpinx
卵巣［らんそう］ ovary
子宮［しきゅう］ womb uterus
子宮頸部［しきゅうけいぶ］、子宮頸［しきゅうけい］ cervix, uterine cervix, cervix uteri
膣［ちつ］ vagina
恥骨結合［ちこつけつごう］ pubic symphysis
小陰唇［しょういんしん］ inner lips, inner vaginal lips labia minora
大陰唇［だいいんしん］ outer lips, outer vaginal lips labia majora
子宮口［しきゅうこう］ os of the uterus, uterine os, orifice of the uterus, uterine orifice
子宮頸管［しきゅうけいかん］ cervical canal
皮膚［ひふ］ skin
皮下脂肪［ひかしぼう］ subcutaneous fat
乳輪［にゅうりん］ areola
乳頭［にゅうとう］、乳首［ちくび］ nipple
乳管［にゅうかん］ lactiferous duct, milk duct, mammary duct
脂肪［しぼう］、脂肪組織［しぼうそしき］ fat, body fat, fat tissue adipose tissue
大胸筋［だいきょうきん］ chest muscle, pecs, pectorals pectoralis major (muscle)
肋骨［ろっこつ］ rib
乳腺［にゅうせん］ mammary gland
胸壁［きょうへき］ chest wall thoracic wall
子宮底［しきゅうてい］ uterine fundus, fundus of the uterus, fundus uteri
臍帯［さいたい］、へその緒［お］ navel string, birth cord umbilical cord
胎児［たいじ］ fetus
胎盤［たいばん］ placenta
羊膜［ようまく］ amnion
子宮壁［しきゅうへき］ uterine wall
羊水［ようすい］ water, waters amniotic fluid

例文・語の構成要素・おぼえがき

Example 語の構成要素 Note
The renal pelvis narrows to become the ureter of each kidney. As it passes through the ureter, urine does not passively drain into the bladder but rather is propelled by waves of peristalsis. ur(i/o)-, urin(o)-, -uria: ラ「尿」「尿道」「排尿」「尿素」. ureter(o)-: ギ「尿管（ureter）」. peristalsis: 蠕動運動［ぜんどううんどう］.
The bladder lies anterior to the uterus in females, posterior to the pubic bone and anterior to the rectum. ur(i/o)-, urin(o)-, -uria: ラ「尿」「尿道」「排尿」「尿素」. anterior:（体の）前側に. posterior:（体の）後ろ側に. pubic bone: 恥骨. rectum: 直腸.
The seminal vesicles and prostate gland add fluids to the sperm to create semen. vesic(o)-: ラ「膀胱（bladder）」「水疱（blister）」. sperm: 精子. semen: 精液、seminal fluidともいう.
During ejaculation, sperm exit the tail of the epididymis and are pushed by smooth muscle contraction to the ductus deferens (also called the vas deferens). vas(i/o)-: ラ「脈管」. duct(o)-: ラ「導く」「管」. ejaculation: 射精.
The fluid, now containing both sperm and seminal vesicle secretions, next moves into the associated ejaculatory duct, a short structure formed from the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle. duct(o)-: ラ「導く」「管」. ampulla: 膨大部［ぼうだいぶ］.
The centrally located prostate gland sits anterior to the rectum at the base of the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra (the portion of the urethra that runs within the prostate). prostat(o)-: ギ「前立腺」. pro-: ギ「前（へ）」「前…」. prostatic urethra: 尿道前立腺部［にょうどうぜんりつせんぶ］.
The penis is the male organ of copulation (sexual intercourse). copulation, sexual intercourse: 性交、性行為. たくさんの俗語がある.
The urethra is the only urologic organ that shows any significant anatomic difference between males and females; all other urine transport structures are identical. ur(i/o)-, urin(o)-, -uria: ラ「尿」「尿道」「排尿」「尿素」. urethr(o)-: ギ「尿道（urethra）」.
The shaft is composed of three column-like chambers of erectile tissue that span the length of the shaft. Each of the two larger lateral chambers is called a corpus cavernosum (plural = corpora cavernosa). shaft: shaft of the penis、陰茎幹［いんけいかん］. erectile:（形容詞）勃起性［ぼっきせい］の. corpus cavernosum of clitoris: 陰核海綿体［いんかくかいめんたい］.
Food residue leaving the sigmoid colon enters the rectum in the pelvis, near the third sacral vertebra. rect(o)-: ラ「直腸（rectum）」. sigmoid colon: S状結腸［せいじょうけっちょう］. sacral vertebra: 仙椎［せんつい］.
Both the mouth and anus are open to the external environment; thus, food and wastes within the alimentary canal are technically considered to be outside the body. an(o)-: ラ「肛門」. alimentary canal: 消化管（digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, GI tractとも）. 肛門については俗語がおおいが、使用はひかえる.
During ejaculation, sperm exit the epididymis through the ductus deferens, a duct in the spermatic cord that leaves the scrotum. ep(i)-: ギ「上」「追加」. epididymides: epididymisの複数形. spermatic cord: 精索［せいさく］.
The end of the penis, called the glans penis, has a high concentration of nerve endings, resulting in very sensitive skin that influences the likelihood of ejaculation.
In boys, the growth of the testes is typically the first physical sign of the beginning of puberty, which is followed by growth and pigmentation of the scrotum and growth of the penis. puberty: 思春期.
The testes (singular = testis) are the male gonads—that is, the male reproductive organs. testicle のラテン語、testis は医学の世界では testicle 以上に使われることがあるが、対応する卵巣 ovary についてはラテン語の ovarium が使われることはまずない. gonad: 性腺［せいせん］、生殖腺［せいしょくせん］. たくさんの俗語がある.
The uterine tubes (also called fallopian tubes or oviducts) serve as the conduit of the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus. salping(o)-: ギ「卵管（Fallopian tube）」「耳管（Eustachian tube）」「salpinx（卵管・耳管）の」. uter(o)-: ラ「子宮（uterus/womb）」. oocyte: 卵母細胞. conduit: 導管、パイプ.
Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into—and along—the uterine tube. ovar-, ovari(o)-: ラ「卵巣」「卵巣と…の」. ov(o/i)-: ラ「卵（eggs, the ovum）. ovulation: 排卵［はいらん］. cf. fertilization: 受精［じゅせい］. implantation: 着床［ちゃくしょう］.
The uterus is the muscular organ that nourishes and supports the growing embryo. uter(o)-: ラ「子宮（uterus/womb）」. embryo: 胎芽［はいが］、胚子［はいし］; 胎児［たいじ］（8週目まで）.
The cervix is the narrow inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina. uter(o)-: ラ「子宮（uterus/womb）」. cervic(i/o)-: ラ「首」「頸部」.
The vagina is a muscular canal (approximately 10 cm long) that serves as the entrance to the reproductive tract. vagin(i/o)-: ラ「膣（vagina）」. reproductive tract: GI tract（消化管）、biliary tract（胆道）、 respiratory tract（気道）といった形で一つの機能的なまとまりを指すことにtractは使われるが、reproductive tractついてはとくに対応する日本語はみられない. cf. vulva: 外陰部.
The pubis curves medially, where it joins to the pubis of the opposite hip bone at a specialized joint called the pubic symphysis. sy, syl-, sym-, syn-, sys-: ギ「共に」「同時に」「類似」. pubis: 恥骨.
The external urethral orifice is embedded in the anterior vaginal wall inferior to the clitoris, superior to the vaginal opening (introitus), and medial to the labia minora. labi(o)-: ラ「唇」. いずれも複数形. external urethral orifice: 外尿道口［がいにょうどうこう］. introitus, viginal opening: 膣口［ちつこう］.
The labia majora (labia = “lips”; majora = “larger”) are folds of hair-covered skin that begin just posterior to the mons pubis. labi(o)-: ラ「唇」. mons pubis: 恥丘［ちきゅう］.
Placenta previa can result if an embryo implants close to the internal os of the uterus (the internal opening of the cervix). uter(o)-: ラ「子宮（uterus/womb）」. placenta previa: 前置胎盤［ぜんちたいばん］.
During pregnancy, a plug of mucus accumulates in the cervical canal, blocking the entrance to the uterus. cervic(i/o)-: ラ「首」「頸部」. plug: 栓［せん］、詰め物［つめもの］.
The skin functions as an endocrine organ in the production of the inactive form of vitamin D3 , cholecalciferol. cholecalciferol: コレカルシフェロール.
Newborns have little subcutaneous fat for insulation. sub-: ラ「下」「下位」「以南」「副」「亜」「やや」「半」. cutane(o)-: ラ「皮膚」. newborn: 新生児［しんせいじ］. insulation: 断熱［だんねつ］.
The small bumps of the areola (the darkened skin around the nipple) are called Montgomery glands. T Montgomery gland: モンゴメリー腺［もんごめりーせん］、乳輪腺［にゅうりんせん］.
Lactation is the process by which milk is synthesized and secreted from the mammary glands of the postpartum female breast in response to an infant sucking at the nipple. papill(-): ラ「乳頭（状突起）」「乳頭（状）の」「乳頭腫（性）の」. lactation: 乳汁分泌［にゅうじゅうぶんぴつ］. postpartum: 分娩後［ぶんべんご］、産後［さんご］.
Suckling stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells that squeeze milk into lactiferous ducts. lact(i/o)-: ラ「乳」「乳酸」「乳糖」. myoepithelial cell: 筋上皮細胞［きんじょうひさいぼう］.
Adipose tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage. lip(o)-: ギ「脂肪」. adip(o)-: ラ「脂肪」「脂肪組織」「アジピン酸」.
The pectoralis major is thick and fan-shaped, covering much of the superior portion of the anterior thorax. 胸筋（chest muscle）は、複数形で小胸筋（pectoralis minor）などを正確には含むが、一般的には大胸筋として扱われることがある. pecs, pectoralsも大胸筋というよりも、胸筋と同義といえよう.
The thoracic cage (rib cage) consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum.
Prolactin stimulates enlargement of the mammary glands in preparation for milk production. mamm(o)-: ラ「胸」「乳房」. prolactin: プロラクチン.
The recoil of the thoracic wall during expiration causes compression of the lungs. thorac(i/o)-, thoracico-: ギ→ラ「胸（chest）」. expiration: 呼気［こき］. cf. inspiration: 吸気［きゅうき］.
The blastocyst typically implants in the fundus of the uterus or on the posterior wall. uter(o)-: ラ「子宮（uterus/womb）」. blastocyst: 胚盤胞［はいばんほう］. implant:（動詞）着床する.
The umbilical cord is surrounded by the amnion, and the spaces within the cord around the blood vessels are filled with Wharton’s jelly, a mucous connective tissue. umbil(i)-: ラ「へそ（the navel, the umbilicus）」. Wharton’s jelly: ワルトン膠様質［わるとんこうようしつ］. mucous connective tissue: 膠様組織［こうようそしき］、粘液様組織［ねんえきようそしき］.
A developing human is called a fetus from the ninth week of gestation until birth. embryo: 胎芽［はいが］、胚子［はいし］; 胎児［たいじ］（8週目まで）. gestation: 妊娠 pregnancy.
During prenatal development, the fetal circulatory system is integrated with the placenta via the umbilical cord so that the fetus receives both oxygen and nutrients from the placenta. prenatal:（形容詞）出生前［しゅっせいまえ］の、胎児期［たいじき］の. cf. intranatal:（形容詞）出生時［しゅっせいじ］の、分娩時［ぶんべんじ］の. neonatal: （形容詞）（生後 28 日以内の）新生児［しんせいじ］の. postnatal: （形容詞）（出）生後［せいご］の; 出生直後［しゅっせいちょくご］の産児［さんじ］の. postpartum: 分娩後［ぶんべんご］、産後［さんご］.
The amnion fills with amniotic fluid and eventually grows to surround the embryo. amnio-: ギ「羊膜」. amniotic sac: 羊膜嚢［ようまくのう］; 羊膜が袋状になって胎児を包んでいるものをいうが、日本語では羊膜とのちがいを厳密にはつけないこともある; bag of waters や membranes ともいう.
At the end of the first week, the blastocyst comes in contact with the uterine wall and adheres to it, embedding itself in the uterine lining via the trophoblast cells. Thus begins the process of implantation, which signals the end of the pre-embryonic stage of development umbil(i)-: ラ「へそ（the navel, the umbilicus）」. trophoblast: 栄養膜［えいようまく］. 前胚［ぜんはい］ (の), 前［ぜん］ (期［き］)胚子［はいし］ (の) 《受精後 3 日間の受精卵》.
Although meconium is a sterile substance, it interferes with the antibiotic properties of the amniotic fluid and makes the newborn and mother more vulnerable to bacterial infections at birth and during the perinatal period. amnio-: ギ「羊膜」. meconium: 胎便［たいべん］. sterile:（形容詞）無菌の. perinatal:（形容詞）周産期の.

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