オリジナルの単語集を確認
オリジナルでは人体各部位(後)となっていますが、人体の後面に実際に位置するのは、うなじ、ひじ、背中、お尻、ふくらはぎといったところです。表にふくまれるおおくの部位が後面に位置するものではありません。
日本語 | 英語 |
---|---|
頭(頭部) | head |
うなじ(後頸部) | nape |
首(頸部) | neck |
腕(上肢) | arm (upper extremity) |
上腕 | upper arm |
前腕 | forearm |
肘(肘関節) | elbow (elbow joint) |
手首 | wrist |
手 | hand |
手の指(手指) | finger |
背中(背部) | back |
腰 | waist / hip |
お尻(臀部) | buttocks / bottom |
脚(下肢) | leg (lower extremity) |
太もも(大腿) | thigh |
下腿 | lower leg |
ふくらはぎ(腓腹) | calf |
足 | foot |
かかと | heel |
足の裏(足底) | sole |
日本語・一般むけ・専門用語
※「自分のもの」にするためのすすめ方については第1回を参照。
日本語 | English(lay term) | English (medicine) |
---|---|---|
頭、頭部 | head | |
うなじ、後頸部[こうけいぶ]、項部[こうぶ] | nape | nucha |
首、頸部[けいぶ] | neck | cervix |
腕、上肢[じょうし] | arm | upper limb, upper extremity |
上腕[じょうわん] | upper arm, arm | brachium |
前腕[ぜんわん] | forearm | antebrachium |
肘、肘関節[ひじかんせつ・ちゅうかんせつ] | elbow, elbow joint | |
手首 | wrist | carpus |
手 | hand | |
手の指、手指[しゅし | finger | digit of the hand |
背中、背部 | back | dorsum |
腰、腰部[ようぶ] | waist, hip, lower back | lumbar region |
お尻、臀部[でんぶ] | buttocks, bottom, hip | |
脚、下肢[かし] | leg | lower limb, lower extremity |
太もも、大腿[もも・ふともも・だいたい] | thigh | |
下腿[かたい] | lower leg | |
ふくらはぎ、腓腹[ひふく] | calf | |
足 | foot | |
かかと | heel | |
足の裏、足底[そくてい] | sole |
例文・語の構成要素・おぼえがき
Example | 語の構成要素 | Note |
---|---|---|
A primary headache is caused by overactivity of or problems with pain-sensitive structures in your head. | ||
An incision may be made from behind the hairline in front of your ear and the nape of your neck. | ||
Classic symptoms of viral meningitis are fever, headache, and neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity). | ||
Arm pain can be caused by a wide variety of problems, ranging from joint injuries to compressed nerves. | 解剖学的にはarmは上腕のこと. | |
A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. | brachi(o)-: ギ→ラ「腕」 | |
The bones that are most commonly tested to measure bone density are in the spine, hip and sometimes the forearm. | ante-: ラ(時間・空間・順序)「~の前」; ⇔post- | |
A dislocated elbow occurs when the bones that make up the joint are forced out of alignment. | ||
Baseball elbow is characterized by pain from the elbow to the wrist on the inside of the elbow. | carp(o)-: ギ→ラ「手根(骨)」 | carpusは手根骨を集合的に意味することもある. |
Often, having cold hands is a part of your body’s natural response to regulate your body temperature and shouldn’t be cause for concern. | ||
Nails protect the extremities of our fingers and toes from mechanical damage. | ||
Five vertebrae numbered as L1–L5 are located in lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral | column. | dors(o/i)-: ラ「背」 |
When you place your hands on your waist, you can feel the arching, superior margin of the ilium along your waistline. | lumb(o)-: ラ「腰椎」 | ◎hipは日本語の「腰」「お尻」に部分的に重なる.◎いわゆる「腰痛」はlower back pain (lumbago). |
For the buttocks, the size of the muscles influences the names: gluteus maximus (largest), gluteus medius (medium), and the gluteus minimus (smallest). | gluteus maximus; gluteus medius; gluteus minimus: それぞれ大殿筋、中殿筋、小殿筋. | |
The muscles that move the lower leg typically originate on the femur and insert into the bones of the knee joint. | ||
The posterior muscles of the femur flex the lower leg but also aid in extending the thigh. | ||
A combination of gluteal and thigh muscles also adduct, abduct, and rotate the thigh and lower leg. | ||
The most superficial and visible muscle of the calf is the gastrocnemius. | gastrocnemius: 腓腹筋. | |
The foot also has intrinsic muscles, which originate and insert within it. | intrinsic muscle: 内在筋. | |
Tandem gait is when the patient places the heel of one foot against the toe of the other foot and walks in a straight line in that manner. | tandem gait: 継ぎ足歩行、タンデム歩行 | |
While walking, the sole of the foot may be scraped or scratched by many things. |
※下表は画像データとしてダウンロード可能です(6月22日追記)
参考資料
- 医学大辞典 第2版(医学書院)
- 医学英和辞典 (研究社)
- 外来医マニュアル第3版(医歯薬出版)
- ビジュアルノート(メディックメディア)
- 「まんが 人体の不思議 」(ちくま新書1256)
- 「これでわかる! 人体解剖パーフェクト事典」(ナツメ社)
- 「カラー図解 人体解剖英単語辞典」(ナツメ社)
- 「しくみが見える体の図鑑」(エクスナレッジ)
- ウィキペディア英語版
- Mayo Clinic
- MSD Manual, a.k.a. Merck Manual
- Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Healthline Media
- WebMD
- Urban Dictionary
- MedilnePlus Medical Encyclopeida
- OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (Download for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology)